FILE: 	Replication instructions for Democratization in the USA? The Impact of Antebellum Suffrage Qualifications on Politics and Policy

DATE: 	November 10, 2023. 

*********************************************************************************	
File outlines the steps to reproduce Tables and Figures in:

Bateman, David. Democratization in the USA? The Impact of Antebellum Suffrage Qualifications on Politics and Policy
Journal of Politics

*********************************************************************************	
The .do and .R files provide detailed instructions and explanations of each step. 
If you have any questions, please contact David Bateman at dab465@cornell.edu.

*********************************************************************************	
All data analyses in this article were carried out using either 
Stata IC/13.1 for Windows or R version 4.2.2 
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Full list of data files and hierarchical structure uploaded to Dataverse:
Democratization-USA
 Dataverse
  Data
   adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta: common space ideal points for Congressional Representatives, 1788-1860.
   adult-male-census-counties.dta: county-level estimates of the size of the adult male population, 1789-1860. Transformation of ICPSR-2896.
   adult-male-census-states.dta: state-level estimates of the size of the adult male population, 1789-1860. Transformation of ICPSR-2896.
   antebellum-voting.dta: Antebellum voting for different parties, by county. Transformation of ICPSR-00001 files.
   combined-session-by-session.csv: session specific ideal points for North Carolina senators and commoners.
   common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv: common space ideal points for North Carolina senators and commoners. 
   congress-election-dates.dta: Dates of elections (at state level) for Congress. 
   Early-Republic-Votes-All-States.dta: Election level information on vote totals and party shares. Unit level vote share from Lampi. Other variables coded by author.
   expenditures-revenue.dta: Appended Sylla et al. files (ICPSR_09728). 
   KY-Census-Of-Voters.csv: The 1850 Kentucky census of voters plus the estimated 20+ white male population from census.
   LA-Census-Of-Voters-1841.csv: The 1841 Louisiana census of voters plus the estimated 21+ white male population from census.
   LA-Census-Of-Voters-1858.csv: The 1858 Louisiana census of voters plus the estimated 21+ white male population from census.
   leg-info-for-combined-nc.dta: Descriptive information on NC legislators for common space ideal point file
   leg-info-nc.dta: Descriptive information on NC legislators for session specific ideal point files
   New-York-Early-Republic-Election-File.dta: Election information on vote totals and party shares in NYS. Unit level vote share from Lampi. Other variables coded by author.
   North-Carolina-Election-File.dta: Election information on North Carolina, 1790-1860. Pre 1830s data from Lampi. Later data coded by author.
   ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta: NYS census of voters and population (from ICPSR-2896 and state censuses).
   nycensus1814.csv: NYS census of voters for 1814 (town level with long. and lat.)
   ny-census-voters.csv: NYS Censuses of voters from 1790-1855.
   nycounties1814.csv:  NYS census of voters for 1814 (county level)
   Suffrage-1780-1933.dta: US Suffrage qualifications from 1790-1933.
   Suffrage-Reduced.dta: US Suffrage qualifications, reduced to white native born property and tax qualifications.
   unique_districts.dta: List of US Congressional districts with a unique ID for each so long as they have the same composition.

  Data
   matrices
    Joint1846-47.*: Roll calls for NC House and Senate, 1846-47. Merged using cmerge*. Included both in .dat format for readKH in IDEAL and as Stata file
    ...
    Joint1858-59.*: Roll calls for NC House and Senate, 1858-59. Merged using cmerge*. Included both in .dat format for readKH in IDEAL and as Stata file
    pre-reform-merged.dat: Roll calls for NC House and Senate, from 1846-1857 (single matrix of all pre-reform roll calls). Included in .dat format for readKH in IDEAL.
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Democratization-USA
 Dataverse
  Shapefiles
   19thC_Canals_March2017: Folder with shapefiles on the location of 19th century canals. These are from Jeremy Atack's Historical Transportation Shapefiles.
   RR1826-1911Modified0509161: Folder with shapefiles on the location of 19th century railroads. These are from Jeremy Atack's Historical Transportation Shapefiles.
   SteamboatNavigatedRiverContigUSAprojection: Folder with shapefiles on the location of navigable rivers. These are from Jeremy Atack's Historical Transportation Shapefiles.
** County and state shapefiles initially from http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/. 
** These were then restricted to include just NYS (and cities), Kentucky, and Lousiana
   Albany.* : series of files needed to produce map of Albany, NY 1814
   Kentucky.* : series of files needed to produce map of Kentucky, 1850
   Lakes_and_Rivers_Shapefile_NA_Lakes_and_Rivers_data_hydrography* : series of files needed to produce rivers and lake information for NYS, 1814
   Louisiana*.* : series of files needed to produce map of Louisiana, 1841 and 1858
   NYC.* : series of files needed to produce map of NYC, NY 1814
   NYS1814.*: series of files needed to produce map of NYS 1814
   Schenectady.* : series of files needed to produce map of Schenectady, NY 1814
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Full list of command files:
Democratization-USA
 Dataverse
  Analyses
   Analysis-1-NC-NY.do: Analysis of turnout and vote share in New York and North Carolina. Replicates Tables 2 and 3 and Figure 3 as well as figures A4, A5, A7, and A8 and tables A6, A11, and A12 in supplemental material. 
   Analysis-2-NC-Roll-Calls.do: Analysis of roll call and ideal points in North Carolina legislature. Replicates Table 4 and Figure 4 as well as figure A9 and tables A14 and A15 in supplemental material.
   Analysis-3-Early-Republic.do: Analysis of Lampi data in early Republic, across states. Replicates Table 5 and Figure 5 in main text as well as figure A6 and tables A7-A9 in supplemental material.
   Analysis-4-Antebellum.do: Analysis of turnout and party voting in antebellum era, using ICPSR election data (as well as some Lampi data). Replicates Figure 6 and Table 6 in main text, and tables A10, A13, and A18 in supplemental material. 
   Analysis-5-Congressional-Ideal-Points.do: Analysis of congressional ideal points. Replicates Table 7 and Figure 7 in main text, as well as figure A10 and tables A16-A17 in supplemental material.
   Analysis-6-State-Expenditures-Revenue.do: Analysis of state revenues and expenditures, using Sylla et al (2006) data. Replicates Table 8 and Figure 8 in main text as well as figures A11-A12 and table A19 in supplemental material.
   combined-pre-reform-ideal-points.R: This file is not required for analysis, and can be skipped without affecting replication. It generates ideal points for NC legislators (single matrix common space scores)
   Figure-1.dta: Replicates Figure 1 (suffrage qualifications across time).
   Kentucky-Map.R: Creates a map of Kentucky's disenfranchisement in 1850 (Figure A3 in supplemental material).
   Louisiana-Maps.R: Creates maps of Louisiana's disenfranchisement in 1841 and 1858 (Figure A2 in supplemental material).
   NYS-Maps.R: Creates maps of New York State's disenfranchisement in 1814, for Assembly (Figure 2 in main text) and Governor (Figure A1 in supplemental material). 
   session-by-session-ideal-points.R: This file is not required for analysis, and can be skipped without affecting replication. It generates ideal points for NC legislators for each session.
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** File variables

file				order	name		varlab
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	1	name		Representative Name
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	2	state		State abbreviated name
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	3	icpsrstate	ICPSR State code
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	4	cd		Legislative district
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	5	icpsrlegis	ICPSR legislator code
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	6	party		Party name
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	7	partycode	Party Code (voteview)
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	8	congress	Congress
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	9	d1		Unadjusted ideal point estimate
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	10	d11		Standard deviation of posterior
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	11	lowerd1		Unadjusted lower bound (2.5)
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	12	upperd1		Unadjusted upper bound (97.5)
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	13	adjust_d1	Adjusted ideal point estimate
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	14	adjust_lowerd1	Adjusted lower bound (2.5)
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	15	adjust_upperd1	Adjusted upper bound (97.5)
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	16	x_d1		TurboADA: unobserved (assumed constant) individual quantity
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	17	a_d1		TurboADA: Congress-specific intercept
adjusted-house-ideal-points.dta	18	b_d1		TurboADA: Congress-specific slope

adult-male-census-counties.dta and adult-male-census-states.dta
file				order	name		varlab				
adult-male-census-***.dta	1	year		Year
adult-male-census-***.dta	2	county		ICPSR county code
adult-male-census-***.dta	3	fips		State/county FIPS code
adult-male-census-***.dta	4	name		Name of state/county
adult-male-census-***.dta	5	state		ICPSR state code
adult-male-census-***.dta	6	totpop		Total population, interpolation
adult-male-census-***.dta	7	w16m		White men over 16 years, estimate and interpolation
adult-male-census-***.dta	8	b16m		Black men over 16 years, estimate and interpolation
adult-male-census-***.dta	9	w21m		White men over 21 years, estimate and interpolation
adult-male-census-***.dta	10	b21m		Black men over 21 years, estimate and interpolation
adult-male-census-***.dta	11	census_year	Current or previous census_year
adult-male-census-***.dta	12	firstDate	First date a county appears in data
adult-male-census-***.dta	13	statefip	State FIPS Code
adult-male-census-***.dta	14	gained		County gained territory
adult-male-census-***.dta	15	lost		County lost territory
adult-male-census-***.dta	16	first_census	First census in which county appears
adult-male-census-***.dta	17	growth		Growth rate in total population
				
file				order	name		varlab				
antebellum-voting.dta		1	state		ICPSR State Code
antebellum-voting.dta		2	county		County FIPS
antebellum-voting.dta		3	countyname	County name
antebellum-voting.dta		4	cd		Legislative district
antebellum-voting.dta		5	orig_varnum	Original variable number from ICPSR Election File
antebellum-voting.dta		6	orig_varlab	Original variable label from ICPSR Election File
antebellum-voting.dta		7	office		Office: 1=Pres, 2=Governor, 3=House
antebellum-voting.dta		8	eltype		Election type: G=General, M=Midterm
antebellum-voting.dta		9	year		Election year
antebellum-voting.dta		10	total		Total votes cast in election
antebellum-voting.dta		11	republican	Votes cast for Republican/aligned candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		12	democratic	Votes cast for Democratic/aligned candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		13	whig		Votes cast for Whig candidates/aligned candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		14	freesoil	Votes cast for Free Soil candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		15	liberty		Votes cast for Liberty candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		16	other		Votes cast for other candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		17	rep_vshare	Share of total votes cast for Republican candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		18	whig_vshare	Share of total votes cast for Whig candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		19	dem_vshare	Share of total votes cast for Democratic candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		20	fs_vshare	Share of total votes cast for Free Soil candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		21	lib_vshare	Share of total votes cast for Liberty candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		22	other_vshare	Share of total votes cast for other candidates
antebellum-voting.dta		23	totalAlt	Total votes cast based on count in ICPSR files
antebellum-voting.dta		24	ds		Original ICPSR dataset ICPSR_00001\DS*
antebellum-voting.dta		25	atlarge		At-large congressional district
antebellum-voting.dta		26	membersMC	Numbers of MCs in district (ie votes per voter)
antebellum-voting.dta		27	month		Month of election (likely)
antebellum-voting.dta		28	date		Date (string)
antebellum-voting.dta		29	date1		Date (Stata format)
antebellum-voting.dta		30	note		Note on changes made to ICPSR election data
				
North Carolina Ideal Point Files (variables largely the same)
file										order	name		varlab				
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	*	v1		Rownames
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	*	state		State abbreviation
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	*	session1	Legislative session
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	3	icpsrstate	ICPSR state code
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	4	cd		Legislative district
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	5	icpsrlegis	ID for NC legislators (named ICPSR because that's what readKH in Ideal assumes)
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	6	party		Party name/Abbreviation
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	7	partycode	ICPSR party code
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	8	name		Name of legislator
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	8	rownameslegdata	Legislator names
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	9	d1		Ideal point estimate
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	10	d11		Standard deviation of posterior
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	11	lowerd1		Lower bound (2.5)
combined-session-by-session.csv and common-space-merged-ideal-points.csv	12	upperd1		Upper bound (97.5)

file				order	name		varlab								
congress-election-dates.dta	1	state		State
congress-election-dates.dta	2	type		Type
congress-election-dates.dta	3	date		Date
congress-election-dates.dta	4	congress	Congress
congress-election-dates.dta	5	date1		Date (Stata format)
congress-election-dates.dta	6	icpsrstate	ICPSR State code
congress-election-dates.dta	7	year		Year of election

file					order	name		varlab								
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	1	id		Lampi ID
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	2	state		State
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	3	icpsrstate	ICPSR state code
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	4	type		Type
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	5	office		Office
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	6	county		County
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	7	total		Total votes cast in this election in this unit
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	8	year		Year of election
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	9	date1		Approximate date (month/year - Stata format) of election - from Lampi where avai
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	10	id1		Standardized office variable
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	11	ID		Unique identifier for each place/office combination
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	12	level		Level of reporting unit (1=dist, 2=county, 3=town or other)
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	13	newID		Unique identifier for each place/office combination - numeric
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	14	federalist	Federalist (and assoc. parties) total vote
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	15	republican	Jeff. Republican (and assoc. parties) total vote
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	16	federalist1	Federalist (and assoc. parties) highest vote
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	17	republican1	Jeff. Republican (and assoc. parties) highest vote
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	18	membersLA	Number of Members up for election to the Legislative Assembly
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	19	membersSEN	Number of Members up for election to the Senate
early-republic-votes-all-states.dta	20	membersMC	Number of Members up for election to Congress
				
file				order	name		varlab				
expenditures-revenue.dta	1	state		State Abbreviation
expenditures-revenue.dta	2	year		Year
expenditures-revenue.dta	3	code		The ISO code from Sylla et (2006) (revenue/expenditure
expenditures-revenue.dta	4	amount		Amount
expenditures-revenue.dta	5	source_file	Sylla et al source file

The LA/KY census of voters data (same variables)
file				order	name		varlab								
**-census-of-voters**.csv	1	counties	Counties
**-census-of-voters**.csv	1	parish		Name of Parish
**-census-of-voters**.csv	2	fips		State/county FIPS code
**-census-of-voters**.csv	3	voters		Voters
**-census-of-voters**.csv	4	w21m		White men over 21, estimate and interpolation
**-census-of-voters**.csv	5	est		Estimate of enfranchisement

Legislator information for NC, both the common space and session-by-session information
file			order	name		varlab								
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	session		Legislative session (first session for each legislator)
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	session1	Legislative session
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	session2	Legislative session, by year
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	id1		Unique legislator ID number
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	icpsrstate	ICPSR state code
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	dist		State district code (arbitrary for commons)
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	county		Name of county/counties represented
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	column		Legislator name
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	chamber		Chamber (1=House, 2=Senate)
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	newid		Legislator ID for each chamber (diff IDs across chamber)
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	partycode	ICPSR party code
leg-info-for**-nc.dta	*	party		ICPSR party codes
				
file						order	name		varlab				
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	1	id		Identifier for each election by place/year
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	2	state		State
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	3	place		Place identifier
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	4	year		Year
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	5	membersMC	Number of Members up for election to Congress
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	6	membersLA	Number of Members up for election to the Legislative Assembly
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	7	membersSEN	Number of Members up for election to the Senate
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	8	HTVote		Total Votes in High Threshold (Governor) Elections (Governor)
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	9	LTVote		Total Votes in Low Threshold Elections (Per Office)
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	10	HTVoteAlt	Total Votes in High Threshold (Senate) Elections (Per Office)
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	11	LTVoteTot	Total Votes in Low Threshold Elections (All votes)
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	12	federalists	Number of Federalists Contesting Election
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	13	antifederalists	Number of Anti-Federalists Contesting Election
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	14	republicans	Number of Republicans Contesting Election
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	15	bucktails	Number of Bucktails Contesting Election
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	16	clintonians	Number of Clintonians Contesting Election
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	17	party1HT	Federalist/Clintonian vote in High Threshold Elections
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	18	party2HT	Republican/Bucktail vote in High Threshold Elections
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	19	party1LT	Federalist/Clintonian vote in Low Threshold Elections
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	20	party2LT	Republican/Bucktail vote in Low Threshold Elections
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	21	party1LTTot	Federalist/Clintonian vote in Low Threshold Elections (Total Votes)
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	22	party2LTTot	Republican/Bucktail vote in Low Threshold Elections (Total Votes)
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	23	uncontested	Was the election (likely) uncontested?
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	24	name		County name
new-york-early-republic-election-file.dta	25	county		ICPSR county code
				
file					order	name		varlab				
north-carolina-election-file.dta	1	name		County or county-precinct name
north-carolina-election-file.dta	2	county		ICPSR county code
north-carolina-election-file.dta	3	level		Unit level (2=county, 3=precinct or equivalent)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	4	precinct	Code for county precinct (arbitrary)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	5	year		Election year
north-carolina-election-file.dta	6	LTVote		Total Votes in Low Threshold Elections (Per Office)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	7	LTVoteTot	Total Votes in Low Threshold Elections (All votes)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	8	party2LT	Republican/Democratic vote in Low Threshold Elections
north-carolina-election-file.dta	9	party1LT	Federalist/Whig vote in Low Threshold Elections
north-carolina-election-file.dta	10	party1LTTot	Federalist/Whig vote in Low Threshold Elections (Total votes of all candidates)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	11	party2LTTot	Republican/Democratic vote in Low Threshold Elections (Total votes of all candi)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	12	HTVote		Total Votes in High Threshold Elections (Per Office)
north-carolina-election-file.dta	13	party2HT	Republican/Democratic vote in High Threshold Elections
north-carolina-election-file.dta	14	party1HT	Federalist/Whig vote in High Threshold Elections
north-carolina-election-file.dta	15	senmisc1	Miscellaneous candidate 1 in senatorial elections
north-carolina-election-file.dta	16	senmisc2	Miscellaneous candidate 2 in senatorial elections
north-carolina-election-file.dta	17	uncontested	Senate elections were uncontested
north-carolina-election-file.dta	18	notes		Notes

file					order	name		varlab								
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	1	state		ICPSR state code
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	2	county		ICPSR county code
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	3	name		Name of state/county
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	4	totpop		Total population, 1790
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	5	fbnntot		Foreign born not naturalized
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	6	year		Census Year
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	7	w16m		White men over 16, estimate and interpolation
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	8	b16m		Black men over 16, estimate and interpolation
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	9	w21m		White men over 21, estimate and interpolation
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	10	b21m		Black men over 21, estimate and interpolation
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	11	f16m		Free men over 16, estimate and interpolation
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	12	f21m		Free men over 21, estimate and interpolation
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	13	govpercent	% Enfranchised for Governor, 1814
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	14	legpercent	% Enfranchised for Assembly, 1814
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	15	firstDate	First date that a county existed (not accurate for early counties)
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	16	gained		Did a county gain territory?
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	17	lost		Did a county lose territory?
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	18	statefip	State FIP Code
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	19	statecensustot	Total population - state census
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	20	whitemalepop	White male population - state census
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	21	adultmalepop	Adult male population - state census
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	22	totalelectors	Total electors - state census
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	23	pdfreehold250	100 Pd Freehold voters (250 USD in 1821)
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	24	pdfreehold50	20 Pd Freehold voters (50 USD in 1821)
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	25	renttenements	Rent Tenements yearly value 40Pds (5USD 1821)
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	26	paidtaxes	Paid Taxes, Enrolled in Militia, Highway Labor
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	27	paupers		Paupers
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	28	votersnative	Voters-native
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	29	votersnatural	Voters-naturalized
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	30	freemen		Freemen
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	31	totalcolored	Total Colored
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	32	coloredmale	Colored, Male
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	33	coloredfemal	Colored, Femal
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	34	coloredcantvote	Colored, Can't Vote
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	35	colorednottaxed	Colored, Not Taxed
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	36	coloredtaxes	Colored, Taxes
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	37	taxedcolored	Taxed, Colored, Can Vote
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	38	aliens		Aliens
ny-adult-male-census-counties.dta	39	notes		Notes

file			order	name		varlab								
nycensus1814.csv	1	town		Name of town/city
nycensus1814.csv	2	freehold100	100 Pound freehold voters
nycensus1814.csv	3	freehold20	20 Pound freehold voters
nycensus1814.csv	4	rental		Rent Tenements yearly value 40Pds (5USD 1821)
nycensus1814.csv	5	freemen		Freemen
nycensus1814.csv	6	totalelectors	totalElectors
nycensus1814.csv	7	fwm018		free white male 0-18 years
nycensus1814.csv	8	fwm1845		free white male 18-45 years
nycensus1814.csv	9	fwm45		free white male 45+years
nycensus1814.csv	10	correction	Correction for NYS 1814
nycensus1814.csv	11	correctedwm18	White men over 18, corrected
nycensus1814.csv	12	fwf018		free white female 0-18 years
nycensus1814.csv	13	fwf1845		free white female 18-45 years
nycensus1814.csv	14	fwf45		free white female 45+years
nycensus1814.csv	15	ofp		Other free persons
nycensus1814.csv	16	slaves		Number of enslaved persons
nycensus1814.csv	17	total		Total population
nycensus1814.csv	18	b18m		Black men over 18
nycensus1814.csv	19	w18m		White men over 18
nycensus1814.csv	20	f18m		Free men over 18
nycensus1814.csv	21	govpercent	% who can vote for Governor
nycensus1814.csv	22	legpercent	% who can vote for assembly
nycensus1814.csv	23	totdisf		Total disenfranchised for assembly
nycensus1814.csv	24	totdisfgov	Total disenfranchised for governor
nycensus1814.csv	25	county		County name
nycensus1814.csv	26	currentcounty	What county is the town currently in
nycensus1814.csv	27	order		Ordering variable
nycensus1814.csv	28	county1		County and city/district name
nycensus1814.csv	29	longitude	Longitude
nycensus1814.csv	30	latitude	Latitude
nycensus1814.csv	31	v31		county
nycensus1814.csv	32	fips		State/county FIPS code
nycensus1814.csv	33	city		Name of city
nycensus1814.csv	34	notes		Notes

file			order	name		varlab								
ny-census-voters.csv	1	name		County name
ny-census-voters.csv	2	county		ICPSR county code
ny-census-voters.csv	3	statecensusto	state-census-totpop
ny-census-voters.csv	4	whitemalepop	WhiteMalePop
ny-census-voters.csv	5	adultmalepop	AdultMalePop
ny-census-voters.csv	6	totalelector	TotalElectors
ny-census-voters.csv	7	year		Year
ny-census-voters.csv	8	pdfreehold250	100 Pd Freehold (250USD in 1821)
ny-census-voters.csv	9	pdfreehold50	20Pd Freehold (50USD in 1821)
ny-census-voters.csv	10	renttenement	Rent Tenements yearly value 40Pds (5USD 1821)
ny-census-voters.csv	11	paidtaxesenr	Paid Taxes, Enrolled in Militia, Highway Labor
ny-census-voters.csv	12	paupers		Paupers
ny-census-voters.csv	13	votersnative	Voters-native
ny-census-voters.csv	14	votersnatural	Voters-naturalized
ny-census-voters.csv	15	freemen		Freemen
ny-census-voters.csv	16	totalcolored	Total Colored
ny-census-voters.csv	17	coloredmale	Colored, Male
ny-census-voters.csv	18	coloredfemal	Colored, Femal
ny-census-voters.csv	19	coloredcantvote	Colored, Can't Vote
ny-census-voters.csv	20	colorednottaxed	Colored, Not Taxed
ny-census-voters.csv	21	coloredtaxes	Colored, Taxes
ny-census-voters.csv	22	taxedcolored	Taxed, Colored, Can Vote
ny-census-voters.csv	23	aliens		Aliens
ny-census-voters.csv	24	notes		Notes
				
file			order	name		varlab				
nycounties1814.csv	1	name		County name
nycounties1814.csv	2	county		ICPSR county code
nycounties1814.csv	3	state		ICPSR state code
nycounties1814.csv	4	freehold100	100 Pound freehold voters
nycounties1814.csv	5	freehold20	20 Pound freehold voters
nycounties1814.csv	6	rental		Rent Tenements yearly value 40Pds (5USD 1821)
nycounties1814.csv	7	freemen		Freemen
nycounties1814.csv	8	totalelectors	totalElectors
nycounties1814.csv	9	fwm018		free white male 0-18 years
nycounties1814.csv	10	fwm1845		free white male 18-45 years
nycounties1814.csv	11	fwm45		free white male 45+years
nycounties1814.csv	12	correction	Correction for NYS 1814
nycounties1814.csv	13	correctedwm18	White men over 18, corrected
nycounties1814.csv	14	fwf018		free white female 0-18 years
nycounties1814.csv	15	fwf1845		free white female 18-45 years
nycounties1814.csv	16	fwf45		free white female 45+years
nycounties1814.csv	17	ofp		Other free persons
nycounties1814.csv	18	slaves		Number of enslaved persons
nycounties1814.csv	19	total		Total population
nycounties1814.csv	20	b18m		Black men over 18
nycounties1814.csv	21	w18m		White men over 18
nycounties1814.csv	22	f18m		Free men over 18
nycounties1814.csv	23	govpercent	% who can vote for governor
nycounties1814.csv	24	legpercent	% who can vote for assembly
nycounties1814.csv	25	totdisf		Total disenfranchised for assembly
nycounties1814.csv	26	totdisfgov	Total disenfranchised for governor
nycounties1814.csv	27	county1		County name
nycounties1814.csv	28	fips		State/county FIPS code
nycounties1814.csv	29	notes		Notes
				
file			order	name			varlab				
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	1	state			State
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	2	year			Year
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	3	statehood_equivalent	State, colony, territory (1 = State or colony, 0 = Territory/Republic)
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	4	icpsrstate		ICPSR State Code
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	5	first_appearance	Is this the first appearance of a franchise change for that state
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	6	new_rule		Is this a new franchise rule for that state
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	7	const_authorization	Was the most recent rule authorized by convention, amendment, or statute?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	8	n_classes_voters	Number of classes established by suffrage law
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	9	class_basis		Type of class distinction in suffrage law
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	10	class_distinction	Basis for class distinction
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	11	class1_basis		Basis for first class
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	12	class2_basis		Basis for second class
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	13	primary_class		Which class most likely enfranchised the greatest number
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	14	c1_property		Property qualification for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	15	c2_property		Property qualification for class 2
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	16	c1_tax			Taxpaying qualification for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	17	c2_tax			Taxpaying qualification for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	18	c1_resid		Residential qualification for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	19	c2_resid		Residential qualification for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	20	any_property		Does either class require property ownership
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	21	any_pecun		Does either class require property/taxpaying?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	22	c1_pecun		Is a tax or property qualification required of first class?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	23	c2_pecun		Is a tax or property qualification required of second class?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	24	class1_property		Property Qualification for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	25	class1_property_type	What type of property is required for class 1?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	26	class1_freehold		Does property need to be held freehold for class 1? (0 if there is alternative)
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	27	class1_property_acres	Specified acreage
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	28	class1_freehold_value	Specified value of freehold for class 1
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	29	class1_nfh_value	Specified value of non-freehold or personal property for class 1.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	30	class1_property_alterna	If different property values for this class, are these alternative or cumulative
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	31	class1_specified	Is amount/value specified, or is ownership sufficient?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	32	class2_property		Property Qualification for class 2
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	33	class2_property_type	What type of property is required for class 1?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	34	class2_freehold		Does property need to be held freehold for class 1? (0 if there is alternative)
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	35	class2_property_acres	Specified acreage for class 2
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	36	class2_freehold_value	Specified value of freehold for class 2
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	37	class2_nfh_value	Specified value of non-freehold or personal property for class 2
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	38	class2_property_alterna	If different property values for this class, are these alternative or cumulative
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	39	class2_specified	Is amount/value specified, or is ownership sufficient?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	40	any_tax			Does any class specify payment of taxes?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	41	tax_non_uniform_basis	Type of class distinction in suffrage law for tax requirements
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	42	class1_basis_tax	Basis for first class, taxpaying requirement
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	43	class2_basis_tax	Basis for second class, taxpaying requirement
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	44	class1_tax		Is payment of taxes a requirement for suffrage, 1st class
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	45	class1_tax_alternative	Is payment of taxes an alternative or additional to property ownership?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	46	c1_tax_type		What type of tax counts for suffrage requirement?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	47	c1_tax_all		Is the requirement for the payment of "all" taxes or "a tax"?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	48	c1_tax_cumulative	Is the requirement cumulative (for all years or a set of years)?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	49	c1_tax_specified	Is the amount of tax paid, or equivalent property value, specified?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	50	class2_tax		Is payment of taxes a requirement for suffrage, 2nd class
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	51	class2_tax_alternative	Is payment of taxes an alternative or additional to property ownership?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	52	c2_tax_type		What type of tax counts for suffrage requirement?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	53	c2_tax_all		Is the requirement for the payment of "all" taxes or "a tax"?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	54	c2_tax_cumulative	Is the requirement cumulative (for all years or a set of years)?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	55	c2_tax_specified	Is the amount of tax paid, or equivalent property value, specified?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	56	any_residency		Is there an explicit residency requirement for any suffrage class?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	57	residency_non_uniform	What is the class basis for different residency requirements?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	58	class1_basis_resid	Description of the basis for the 1st residency class
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	59	class2_basis_resid	Description of the basis for the 2nd residency class
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	60	class1_resid		Is there a residency requirement for 1st class?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	61	class1_residency_state	Length (months) of in-state residency required.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	62	class1_residency_county	Length (months) of in-county (equivalent) residency required.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	63	class1_residency_ward	Length (months) of in-ward/district/city/town residency required.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	64	class2_resid		Is there a residency requirement for 2nd class?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	65	class2_residency_state	Length (months) of in-state residency required.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	66	class2_residency_county	Length (months) of in-county (equivalent) residency required.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	67	class2_residency_ward	Length (months) of in-ward/district/city/town residency required.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	68	racial_exclusion	Is there a racial exclusion?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	69	citizenship_exclusion	Is citizenship (or subjecthood) an explicit requirement?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	70	gender_exclusion	Is there a gender exclusion?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	71	pauper			Is there an explicit pauper exclusion?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	72	crime			Is commission of crime possible grounds for disenfranchisement?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	73	crime_duration_excl	Length of punishment
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	74	high_crime		Disenfranchisement for "high crimes"
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	75	infamous_imprison_crime	Disenfranchisement for "infamous" crimes or for which one is imprisoned.
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	76	felony_crime		Disenfranchisement for felonious crimes
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	77	corrupt_elect_crime	Disenfranchisement for corrupting electoral law or legislation (bribery)
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	78	specific_list_crime	Does suffrage law provide a substantial list of crimes for which disenfr?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	79	social_moral_crime	Are crimes of a "moral" or "social" nature highlighted for disenfr?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	80	literacy		Is there an explicit literacy test for the suffrage?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	81	militia			Is there an explicit inclusion of those who serve in militia?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	82	us_military		Are there specific qualifications for US service members?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	83	military_absent		Is there a specific provision guaranteeing absentee ballots for service members?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	84	religious_voter		Is religion a prerequisite for suffrage?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	85	religious_office	Is religion a prerequisite for holding office?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	86	state_mind		Is there a state of mind or mental soundness qualification?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	87	father_2122		Can men between 21-22 whose fathers can vote enfranchised?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	88	grandfather		Is there a "grandfather" clause"?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	89	non_disfranchise	Is there an explicit guarantee that those who currently vote won't lose right?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	90	native_americans	Is there a specific reference to the voting rights of indigenous persons?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	91	bicameral_differences	Are there different qualifications for different chambers (see class basis)
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	92	freemen			Does law reference "free" men or freedom?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	93	notes			Notes
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	94	clause			Abridged suffrage clause
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	95	declarant_voting	Can declarant non-citizens vote?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	96	confederate_exclusion	Are Confederates disenfranchised?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	97	time_naturalized	Length (months) that a citizen must be naturalized to vote
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	98	residency_us		Length (months) of in-USA residency
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	99	registration		Is there a registration law (likely incomplete)
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	100	territoriallegislature	Is there a territorial legislature established?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	101	impose_black_exclusion	Dummy variable for whether state disenfranchised Black voters in given year
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	102	abolish_property	Dummy variable for whether state abolishes property qualifications
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	103	abolish_pecuniary	Dummy variable for whether state abolishes all pecuniary qualifications
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	104	class_expansion		Is there an expansion along class lines (property, pecuniary, literacy)?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	105	class_contraction	Is there a contraction along class lines (property, pecuniary, literacy)?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	106	residence_expansion	Is there a liberalization of the residency requirement?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	107	residence_contraction	Is there a tightening up of the residency requirement?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	108	racial_expansion	Is there a liberalization along racial lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	109	racial_contraction	Is there a restriction along racial lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	110	citizenship_expansion	Is there a liberalization along citizenship lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	111	citizenship_contraction	Is there a restriction along citizenship lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	112	other_expansion		Is there a liberalization along other lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	113	other_contraction	Is there a restriction along other lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	114	gender_expansion	Is there a liberalization along gender lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	115	gender_contraction	Is there a restriction along citizenship lines?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	116	race_neutral_exclusion_	Is this year identified by historians as imposition of white supremacist disenf?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	117	race_neutral_exclusion	Is a Jim Crow disenfranchisement regime in effect?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	118	race_neutral_expansion	Is there a change that historians believe liberalized Jim Crow regimes?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	119	race_neutral_contract	Is there a change that historians believe restricted Jim Crow regimes?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	120	racial_change_exp	Is a change a liberalization along racial lines (explicit and targeted)?
suffrage-1780-1933.dta	121	racial_change_contr	Is a change a restriction along racial lines (explicit and targeted)?
				
file			order	name			varlab				
suffrage-reduced.dta	1	state			State
suffrage-reduced.dta	2	year			Year
suffrage-reduced.dta	3	icpsrstate		ICPSR State Code
suffrage-reduced.dta	4	whnb_property_effective	Is there an effective property qualification for white, native born men?
suffrage-reduced.dta	5	whnb_taxpayer		Is there a taxpaying qualification for white, native born men?
				
file			order	name			varlab				
unique_districts.dta	1	congress		Congress
unique_districts.dta	2	icpsrstate		ICPSR state code
unique_districts.dta	3	cd			Legislative district
unique_districts.dta	4	unique_id		A unique ID for each unchanged district
unique_districts.dta	5	census_year		Census year associated with this district
unique_districts.dta	6	composed		Constituent counties

Same for pre-reform-merged and for Joint18**.** files. Variable names only in .dta files.
file			order	name			varlab				
Joint18**-**.**		1	congress		Legislative session
Joint18**-**.**		2	id1			Unique legislator identifier
Joint18**-**.**		3	icpsrstate		ICPSR State code
Joint18**-**.**		4	dist			State legislative district (arbitrary number for House)
Joint18**-**.**		5	county			Name of county/counties represented
Joint18**-**.**		6	party			ICPSR party code
Joint18**-**.**		7	chamber			Chamber (1=House, 2=Senate)
Joint18**-**.**		8	eh			Empty Cell (used for compatibility with readKH in IDEAL)
Joint18**-**.**		9	column			Legislator name 
Joint18**-**.**		**	cmerge*			Identical roll calls in senate and House, used to merge files
Joint18**-**.**		**	Hou*			Unique House roll calls
Joint18**-**.**		**	Sen*			Unique Senate roll calls

				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				



